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Unit 13 The world's population
一、本单元知识目标
1.掌握以下单词及用法：
population , billion , increase , wonder , size , produce , mouth , multiply , challenge , grow , beginning , century , square , hardly , room , space , by , cost , worth , second hand , used , result , price , search , download , information , chart , path , plan
2.理解以下单词：
internet
3.掌握以下词组及用法：
be busy doing sth．；beg one's pardon；multiply ．．．by ．．．；prefer to do sth．；slow down
4.灵活运用以下句式进行交际：
购物shopping
How much does… cost …?
It can cost as little as … yuan and as much as … yuan.
It can cost ….
It costs ….
It's worth ….
You can buy ….
表示同意和不同意Expressing agreement and disagreement
I don't agree with ….
请求Requests
I wasn't sure whether….
I wonder if ….
其他
What's the population of …?
5.语法
过去将来时
二、本单元课文难点讲解
1. What's the population of Germany? 德国的人口是多少？
population是个集合名词，意思是"人口；人数"，常用来指人口的总称，在日常使用时，必须注意以下几种用法：
1）population是一个集合名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。如：
The population of Germany is about 81,000,000.
The world's population is growing faster and faster.
注：如果population与分数或百分数连用时，谓语动词多用复数形式。如：
Three fifths of the population in our town are farmers.
2）表示"……的人口"可用the population of +地名，也可用the population in +地名，作主语中心词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The population of Canada is 28,100,000.
3）表示某国、某城市有多少人口时，还可用… have/has a population of…结构。如：
The city has a population of 50,000.
注：people常用于表示具体的人数，虽然people不加"s"，但谓语动词常用复数。如：
How many people are there in your family?
4）由于population是不可数名词，因此不用How many也不用How much进行提问，应用What / How large。如：
（1）What's the population of China?
（2）英国有多少人？
误：How many is the population of Britain?
正：How large is the population of Britain?
5）说明人口或人数的"多"或"少"时，不用many/few/much/little修饰，而用large, big或small, thin修饰。如：
Which country has the smallest population Canada, the USA or Australia?
2. I don't know if it will increase. 我不知道它(人口)是否还会增长。
1）increase增长，增加，在句中作动词用
例如：
The driver increased speed.
The population of China has greatly increased in the last few years. 几年来中国人口增加了许多。
Our difficulties are increasing.
2）increase也可作名词用
例如：the population increase
3. I wonder if that's a lot of people for the size of the country. 我不知这个国家是否能容纳这么多人口。
1）wonder=want to know极想知道/不知道，对……感到奇怪/怀疑
例如： I wonder if you would mind helping me. 不知你是否能帮帮我的忙。
2）for the size of the country 对国家的领土而言
size规模、尺寸、大小 the size of the country国家的大小/领土
4. Multiply this by 365. 用365来乘它（370，000）。
1）multiply A by B 用B乘A。
例：7 multiplied by 5 is 35. (7×5=35)7乘5等于35。
2）"乘"的另外一种表达法是times。"除"在英语中用divide表示。
例：7 times 5 is (are) 35. 35 divided by 5 is 7.
(7×5=35) 7乘5等于35。(35 ÷ 5=7) 35除以5等于7。
3）句中by是介词，意思是"相差"指程度。如：
He is taller than I by a head. 他比我高一个头。
"……+by+数字或倍数+……"在本句型中有比较级出现或有表示增减意义的动词或分词出现时，by后表示的都是净增减的数或增加的倍数。如：
A is by 5 inches longer than B. A比B长五英寸。
200 increased by 300 is 500. 200加300等于500。
900 decreased by 100 is 800. 900减100等于800。
注意如果句中用go up（上升）代替increase时，就不能用by。
5． standing room only 只有立足之地。
1）副词only一般放在它所修饰的词或短语之前。否则，就会引起句意的不同。
例：Only Mike drives the new car on Sunday．只有Mike在周日开新车。
Mike only drives the new car on Sunday．周日Mike只开开新车，而不做别的事。
Mike drives only the new car on Sunday． Mike在周日只开新的车子。
Mike drives the new car only Sunday． Mike只有在周日才开新车。
2）standing在这里是动名词，"站的地方；立足之地"。作room的定语，整个短语相当于room for standing only. -ing形式修饰名词表示用途的情况还有：
waiting room 候车室
walking stick 拐棍，手杖
fishing pole 钓鱼竿
3）此处的room表示"空间"，是个不可数名词，相当于space。常用于"There be句型"和"make room for sb．"，"take up much／little room"等短语中。
例：This table takes up too much room of his bedroom．
这张桌子占了他卧室里太多的空间（地方）。
本句中有两个that，但作用意思完全不同。前者为指示代词，指代上文中所讲人口增长的严峻形势，作主语，意为"这种情况"；后者为连词，引导means后的宾语从句，无词义。
6．People say that by the year 2010, it may be seven billion.
人们认为到2010年，人口将达70亿。
1） 句中by the year 2010是"到2010年"的意思。相关 by的短语有：by the end of…到……末为止，只用来表示时间，常与完成时态连用，也可用于将来时态。与之相关的短语有：
at the end of在……末，在……末端（尽头），可以表示时间，也可表示地点，常与过去时态或将来时态连用。
to the end到（某一）终点为止，可表示时间，也可表示地点，指时间常用till代替to。
in the end最终、终于，相当于at last或 finally。
例如：
(1）We had an English exam at the end of last month．
上月末我们进行了一场英语考试。
（2）You can find the post office at the end of this street．
在这条街的尽头，你会找到邮局的。
2）by还可表达下列意思：
by在……旁边
The writer often saw an old man fish by the lake. 作者经常看见一位老者在湖边钓鱼。
by使用……工具
Miss Smith goes to work by car but she is sometimes late. Smith小姐开车上班但有时她还是迟到。
by：由……，被……，表示被动关系。
This book was written by my father in 1998.这本书是由我父亲在于1998年写的。
by the end of…到……底为止，它不是指在某个时间点，而是指某一点时间之前或到某一点时间为止是一种什么情况。强调的是状态或结果。其后接表示时间的名词并与之构成时间状语。如：
He will be 16 years old by the end of next month. 他到下个月底就16岁了。
7． I don't agree with you two．我不同意你们两人（的观点）。
句中agree是"同意；取得一致意见"的意思。
1）agree作及物动词时,后面一定要接名词从句。
例如：
I agree that he is a good man.
2）agree作不及物动词时,后面通常接with,to,on(或upon),about等。
agree with后面可接"人"或表示"意见"的词。
例如：
John agreed with me.
agree to后面不能接人,只能接"提议;计划;方案"等词句。
例如：
I agree to the terms proposed.
agree on或upon作"在(需要作出决定的)某一方面同意或意见一致"解。
在表示"同意做某事"时,后面可接-ing形式。
例如：
We agreed on (或 upon) the date for the next meeting.
agree about作"在某一话题上有相同看法"解。
例如：
They never agree about politics.
8. prefer v. 宁愿，更喜欢
1）跟名词或代词。例如：
Southerners prefer rice and northerners foods made from flour．
2）跟不定式。例如：
I prefer to walk there．
3）跟V+ ing结构。例如：
He preferred spending his spare time doing some serious reading.
4）跟带不定式的复合结构。例如：
I should have preferred him to do it in a different way．
5）跟从句。例如：
She preferred that we should have the discussion right after the lecture.
I would have preferred that we do it some other way．
三、本单元语法重点
过去将来时
1、过去将来时的构成：
would+动词原形或was/ were going to+动词原形
如：The farmers didn't know whether they would have a good harvest.农民们不知道他们是否会有一个好收成。
Li Mei said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.李梅说下星期天要去看望她乡下的祖母。
2、过去将来时的用法：
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要看发生的动作或存在的状态。具体分为：
1)．主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。如：
Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
We didn't know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们不知道她是否准备在会上发言。
2)．在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。如：
It was a Saturday afternoon. A young man named George had just left school. He was going to start to work the following week, so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.
一个星期六的下午，一位名叫乔治的年轻人刚离开学校。因为他准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。
3)．过去将来时态一般不能单独使用。因为它表示过去和将来双重的时态概念，必须有另一个时态作为比较或衬托。但在一定的上下文中，也可单独使用。例如：
That afternoon I was on my way home after three years of absence. My whole family would all come out to welcome me back, and I should see my aged and long-de-parted parents very soon．
那天下午，我在离别三年之后踏上了回家的路。我的全家都会出来迎接我，不久我即将见到我那分别已久的年迈父母。
3、过去将来时的其他表示法
1)．在时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看将来要发生的动作。如：
They said that they were going to West Hill Farm if it didn't rain the next Sunday. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去西山农场。
The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
2)．go, come, leave, fly, drive, arrive, start等表示位置移动的动词常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。如：
She didn't say when she was coming again next time. 她没说下一次什么时候会再来。
Jim decided they were flying to England next month. 吉姆决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。
数字的读法
注意从以下数字的读法中找出规律：
100 一百 a / one hundred
1,000 一千 a / one thousand
10,000 一万 ten thousand
100,000 十万 a / one hundred thousand
1,000,000 一百万 a / one million
10,000,000 一千万 ten million
100,000,000 一亿 a / one hundred million
1,000,000,000 十亿 a / one thousand million 或 a billion
正确读出下列各数：
597 读作 five hundred and ninety-seven
5,829 读作five thousand, eight hundred and twenty-nine
19,581 读作 nineteen thousand, five hundred and eighty-one
198,679 读作one hundred and ninety-eight thousand, six hundred and seventy-nine
4,789,211 读作four million, seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand, two hundred and eleven
61,689,321 读作sixty-one million, six hundred and eighty-nine thousand, three hundred and twenty-one
789,654,321 读作seven hundred and eighty-nine million, six hundred and fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one
四、同步练习
1．完成下列句子
1) 我不知道世界人口是否将会增长
I if the of the world will .
2) 应采取什么措施来减缓人口的增长。
What can done to the population .
3) 到哪一年世界人口达到60亿?
will the world's population reach ?
4) 开学初李先生给我们讲了很多故事。
this term Mr Li us many stories.
5) 我的自行车值300元。
My bike three hundred Yuan.
2. 选择填空：
1) _____ the population of Germany?
A. How much is B. How many are
C. What is D. what are
2) That city has ______ population.
A. a little B. a few C. a small D. much
3) What ______ in one hundred years?
A. happened B. will be happened C. will happen D. happen
4) Fish can't live ______ water.
A. with B. at C. without D. on
5) I'm not ______ at English as he is.
A. as good B. as well C. good as D. better
五、同步练习答案及讲解
1．完成下列句子
1)wonder population increase
2)be slow down increase
3)By what year 6,000 million
4)At the beginning of told
5).cost me
2. 选择填空
1) C population是不可数名词，意为"人口"，用作主语时动词须用单数形式。 对population提问时不用how much和how many要用what。故此题应选C.
2) C表示人口多用"large"，表示人口少用small。
3) C in+一段时间表示将来，用将来时态。
4) C
5) A
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