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 NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH 3 课堂笔记

Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮

　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
　　学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
　　
　　puma n.美洲狮
　　
　　spot v.看出, 发现
　　= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现
　　-- A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.
　　-- He has good eye for spotting mistakes.
　　同意词：
　　-- find：强调发现的结果 / find out：查出事实真相
　　-- discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到
　　-- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面
　　Spot n.斑点
　　-- There is a white spot on the shirt.
　　on the spot有两个含义：
　　1> 立刻, 马上（at once, immediately）
　　-- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
　　2> at the place of the action 在现场
　　-- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.
　　
　　Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）
　　Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然
　　Evidence = proof (n.证据)
　　-- When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.
　　in evidence 显而易见的
　　-- He was in evidence at the party.
　　
　　Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）
　　-- As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.
　　Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处
　　-- The teacher gathered his students in the class
　　Collect vt.搜集, 采集
　　-- Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）
　　Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配
　　-- A large number of people assemble on the square.
　　Hoard vt.大量的储存 （-- hoard up = store up 储藏）
　　-- The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.坚果）
　　amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
　　-- The clouds amassed above the hills
　　Oblige v.使…感到必须
　　feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事
　　-- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）
　　be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事
　　-- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt n.债务）
　　
　　hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （hunt for）
　　-- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.
　　-- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）
　　search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
　　-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.
　　run after 强调追赶, 追求
　　-- look, a dog is running after a cat
　　-- what are you run after in your life
　　seek = pursue v.追寻(理想)
　　chase v.追赶 （-- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）
　　
　　blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果
　　human being 人类
　　
　　corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境
　　作为动词, 经常使用被动语态
　　-- The thief was cornered at last
　　-- The problem cornered me.
　　corner n.角落
　　-- at the corner of the street
　　-- in the corner of the room
　　-- on the corner of the desk
　　
　　Trail n.一串, 一系列
　　trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= follow）
　　-- The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding （criminal n.罪犯）
　　
　　Print n.印痕
　　
　　Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）
　　-- She is always clinging to her mother.
　　-- He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望
　　stick v.粘住 （-- stick the envelop）n.信封
　　stick to 坚持 （-- stick to the plan / stick to one’s promise）n.许诺
　　sticky adj.粘的 （-- sticky fingers）
　　
　　convince v.使…信服
　　1>convince sb of sth
　　-- I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。
　　2> be convinced that…
　　-- I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）
　　
　　somehow adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因
　　= by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
　　-- I’ll get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。
　　-- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。
　　Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= a little）
　　-- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）
　　
　　disturb v.令人不安
　　disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的
　　surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的
　　exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的
　　
　　wild adj.野性的, 野生的
　　investigate v.调查, 研究
　　de脚本ion n.描写, 描述
　　extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外
　　similar adj.相似的, 类似的
　　attack vt.攻击
　　difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点
　　rabbit n.兔, 野兔
　　paw n.手掌, 手爪
　　fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛
　　bush n.矮树丛
　　fully adv.充分地, 完全地
　　collector n.收藏家, 征收者
　　
　　Text 课文
　　at large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的
　　-- The thief is still at large
　　at large 详细地（= in detail）n.细节, 详情
　　-- I need talk to you at large
　　at large 总体来讲（= as a whole）
　　-- The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）
　　
　　Where must the puma have come from?
　　Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
　　在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）
　　英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。
　　-- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. （panda n.熊猫）
　　cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的
　　
　　When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles
　　south of London, they were not taken seriously.
　　一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
　　1> 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰
　　-- 定语从句的引导词：
　　-- 指人：主语who；宾语who, whom；定语 whose
　　-- 指物：that（也可以指人）/ which
　　-- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why
　　2> 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
　　-- 同位语从句的引导词：
　　-- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用that而不是which
　　-- 时间：when； 地点：where
　　-- 定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但what可以引导同位语从句
　　-- An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
　　-- I have no idea what has happened to him。
　　
　　they were not taken seriously（they指代reports）
　　take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事
　　-- I always take your suggestions seriously.
　　take sth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）
　　-- Don’t take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）
　　
　　However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to
　　investigate, for the de脚本ions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were
　　extraordinarily similar.
　　However adv.然而(起转折作用)
　　As 连词：随着, 当...之时
　　过去分词做定语：
　　-- the de脚本ions given by people
　　-- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)
　　-- a book written by Luxun
　　claim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事
　　-- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.
　　
　　The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw
　　’a large cat’ only five yards away from her.
　　Where a woman picking… 定语从句
　　-- I still remember the school where I studied English.
　　
　　It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack
　　a human being unless it is cornered.
　　Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定)
　　Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非)
　　-- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.
　　
　　The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning
　　and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.
　　search = hunt
　　
　　Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
　　把某物留在后面：leave behind
　　-- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）
　　
　　Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.
　　英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。
　　puma fur was found clinging to bushes. （被动）
　　à We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）
　　-- clinging to bushes是现在分词短语做宾补
　　
　　Several people complained of “cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman on a fishing trip
　　saw the puma up a tree.
　　complain of/about sth 抱怨某事
　　on+名词：强调动作正在进行
　　-- on the rise 在上升 / on the increase 在增加
　　-- on the watch 在观看 / on the match 在比赛中
　　-- on the fishing trip 在钓鱼的途中 / on holiday 在度假
　　
　　The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come
　　from?
　　Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely
　　
　　As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have
　　been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.
　　sth be in the possession of sb = sth be in sb’s possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)
　　-- The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in the possession of me.
　　Sb be in possession of sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)
　　-- I am in possession of the beautiful car.（in possession of… 做表语）
　　-- The person in possession of the big house is excited. （in possession of… 做定语）
　　take possession of… 拥有…
　　
　　The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.
　　Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）
　　
　　It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
　　It is disturbing to think that... 一想到…就心理不安
　　-- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination
　　in the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村
　　
　　Special difficulties 难点
　　Exercises A
　　1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. on
　　Exercises B
　　1. He is the man we have heard about so much.
　　2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）
　　3.Whom did you receive a letter from?
　　特殊疑问句中whom 不能省略（本句）。
　　定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。
　　省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom, Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。
　　固定的动词短语
　　look for：寻找（去掉for后look没有寻找的意思，所以介词for不能前置）
　　非固定的动词短语
　　look at：注视
　　live in：居住（去掉in后live仍有居住的意思，所以介词in可以前置）
　　This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he lived in.
　　4.This is the road we came by?
　　5.Where is the pencil you were playing with?
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1… 正确答案：D
　　in common adv.共有 （替换了similar）
　　
　　2… 正确答案：B
　　A）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
　　B） large cat
　　persuade v.说服, 劝说
　　
　　3… 答案正确：C
　　做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意
　　文章最后一句话总结了大意
　　
　　句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
　　4… 答案正确：C
　　Make的用法：
　　make somebody do（在主动语态中不定式的符号to应该省略）
　　be made to do（被动语态中不定式的符号to必须补充完整）
　　-- They made her wait for hours. à She was made to wait for hours.
　　
　　5… 答案正确： D
　　A）把say改成claim就对了 （-- People claimed to have seen the puma.）
　　D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
　　
　　6… 正确答案：B
　　原句中的 when引导的时间状语从句表示：－...就…（as soon as）
　　被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away.
　　主动：On observing her, it immediately ran away.
　　On seeing me, he waved to me.
　　
　　7… 正确答案：D
　　except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是when/if引导的从句形式）
　　unless = if...not = except on the condition that…
　　when = if
　　-- …except when they are cornered. = …except if they are cornered.
　　-- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome.
　　
　　8… 正确答案：D
　　A）must be只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
　　-- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词
　　
　　9… 正确答案：C
　　on more than = nothing more than = only / within = not more than
　　
　　10… 正确答案：B
　　in a corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地
　　in a trap 落于陷阱中
　　at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）
　　under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中
　　
　　11... 正确答案：B
　　fishes for pleasure 钓鱼消遣
　　travel for pleasure 外出游玩
　　read for pleasure 阅读消遣
　　
　　12…
　　on one’s own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone）
　　for one’s own benefit 为了某人自己的利益。



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Lesson 02 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一

　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　equal v.等于
　　A等于B à A equals B
　　Equal vt.与...相匹敌
　　-- None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.
　　be equal to +名词（equal adj.不相上下的）
　　-- Mary is quite equal to John in brains.（n.智力, 脑髓）
　　 玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。
　　be equal to doing：有能力, 有力量来做某事 （to是介词）
　　-- I am equal to running the company.
　　
　　vicar n.牧师
　　
　　raise v.募集，筹（款） -- raise money 募集资金
　　提高 -- raise the price 提高物价
　　饲养、供养 -- raise a horse饲养一匹马
　　种植 -- raise wheat种植小麦
　　召集、招募 -- raise an army招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队）
　　提出、发出 -- raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼）
　　
　　torchlight n.电筒光 torch n.手电筒
　　
　　cause n.事情
　　church n.教堂
　　figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形
　　grocer n.食品商人, 杂货商人
　　bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物
　　tower n.塔, 城堡
　　
　　Text 课文
　　Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why?
　　Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get
　　enough money to have the church clock repaired.
　　现在进行时和always等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩
　　Tom is always doing homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。
　　Tom always does his homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。
　　He is always making noises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。
　　
　　one or another：表示这样或那样
　　-- for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因
　　-- at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间
　　-- in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法
　　get enough money to do sth 募集足够的资金做某事
　　-- I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.
　　have something done
　　1>找某人来做某事
　　-- have the church clock repaired
　　-- have the plane repaired / -- have hair cut
　　2>某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）
　　-- His wallet was stolen. à He had his wallet stolen.
　　
　　The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago
　　and has been silent ever since.
　　used to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了。
　　-- He used to smoke every day.
　　
　　One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours!
　　However -- 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。
　　要用逗号分隔开来
　　-- He said that it was so, he was mistaken, however.
　　He said that it was so, however, he was mistaken.
　　他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。
　　-- I know his story, however, I wouldn‘t like to tell you.
　　I know his story, I, however, wouldn‘t like to tell you.
　　However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.)
　　Start n.vt.惊跳, 惊起
　　-- The noise made him started(v.).
　　-- What a start(n.) you give me. / -- he stood up with a start(n.).
　　
　　Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o‘clock, but the bell struck thirteen times
　　before it stopped.
　　before：...才
　　-- Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had happened to her.
　　
　　Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.
　　Armed with a torch... 过去分词
　　Looking at his watch… 现在分词
　　分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致
　　
　　In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins
　　, our local grocer.
　　in the torchlight 在手电筒光下 / in the moonlight 在月光下
　　in the sunshine 在太阳光下 / in the candlelight 在烛光下
　　非正式用语中whom可以省略掉
　　recognized somebody as… 认出某人是…
　　regard somebody as 认为某人是 / think of somebody as 认为某人是
　　treat somebody as 把某人对待为 / have on somebody as 把某人尊敬为
　　
　　‘Whatever are you doing up here Bill?‘ asked the vicar in surprise.
　　Whatever中的ever用来加强语气
　　
　　‘I‘m trying to repair the bell,‘ answered Bill. ‘I‘ve been coming up here night after night for
　　weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.‘
　　night after night 一夜连着一夜
　　day after day 一天又一天 / year after year 一年又一年
　　week after week 一周又一周 / bus after bus 一辆车接着一辆车
　　
　　‘You certainly did give me a surprise!‘ said the vicar.
　　肯定句中常用do, did, does加强语气和情感色彩（一定要位于动词原形之前）
　　-- You do like nice today. 你今天看上去确实很不错。
　　-- I do like you.
　　
　　‘You‘ve probably woken up everyone in the village as well.
　　as well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比too所表达的语意更优秀。
　　-- You looked nice yesterday and you look beautiful as well today.
　　
　　Still, I‘m glad the bell is working again.‘
　　still用于句首, 用逗号分隔开来, 表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此, 但是
　　
　　‘That‘s the trouble, vicar,’ answered Bill.
　　‘It‘s working all right, but I‘m afraid that at one o‘clock it will strike thirteen times and
　　there‘s nothing I can do about it."
　　There is nothing I can do about it = I am at a lose what to do（at a loss adv.困惑）
　　
　　‘We‘ll get used to that, Bill,’ said the vicar.
　　"Thirteen is not as good as one, but it‘s better than nothing. Now let‘s go downstairs and
　　have a cup of tea.‘
　　get used to / be used to / be accustomed to / get accustomed to 都表示习惯于  
　　get强调渐近的过程, be强调习惯了的状态
　　
　　Special difficulties 难点
　　in
　　1>与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用, 在句中起状语作用。
　　in surprise惊奇地 / in astonishment惊愕的
　　in alarm恐吓的 / in embarrassment窘迫的
　　in amazement极为惊讶 / in despair绝望的
　　in dismay沮丧的 / in anger恼火的 / in disappointment失望的
　　2>表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。
　　in English / in pencil / in ink / in oil 用颜料 / in red用红色 / in code用代码
　　in such a high voice 用这么高的声音 / in a few words 用几句话
　　3>表示状态、情况或处境
　　in trouble / in difficulty在困境中 / in bed在床上 / in a hurry匆忙的
　　in debt负债 / in love with sb爱上某人 / in tears流着泪
　　in good order有条不紊, 整齐, 情况正常 / in good repair维修良好
　　in good health 身体好 / in poor health身体坏
　　in the bad mood情绪坏 / in the good mood情绪好
　　in haste匆忙的 / in a favor of excitement 欣喜若狂
　　in poverty 在贫穷中 / in luxury奢侈的
　　Exercise：
　　very quickly = in a hurry
　　eventually = in the end （eventually adv.最后, 终于）
　　be seen = in sight
　　with a pen = in ink / with a pencil = in pencil
　　which they share = in common （share v.共享）
　　crying = in tears
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1... D
　　in order adv.整齐, 状况良好, 适宜
　　out of order adv.次序颠倒, 不整齐, 状态不好 （= was damaged）
　　
　　2... B
　　
　　3... C
　　为…表示感谢：be grateful for… / be thankful for…
　　不辞辛劳地做某事：take the trouble to do sth.
　　
　　4... B in the past 是过去时态的标志；always用在实意动词之前
　　
　　5... D stroke n.击, 敲, 报时的钟声
　　强调句式结构：It was not until...that... — 直到…才…
　　-- It was not until midnight that snow stopped. — 直到半夜, 雪才停了。
　　
　　6... B 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序
　　
　　7... C Mend vt.修理, 修补
　　突出结果或者对现在的影响, 用现在完成时。
　　
　　8... A get used to doing 表示习惯于 （to是介词）
　　
　　9... B
　　fund 基金； cash 现金； scholarship 奖学金； investment 投资
　　
　　10... A run a shop 经营商店
　　
　　11... A night after night = every night
　　
　　12... C
　　still 1>adv.仍, 仍然, 还
　　-- He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的，现仍在此。
　　still 2>adv.(连接副词) 尽管如此, 依旧, 仍然（表达一种坚持的态度）
　　相当于in spite of that, even though, just the same）
　　-- It‘s raining；Still, I must go out.
　　-- This picture is not too valuable；Still, I like it.
　　Yet conj.但是, 然而（表示一种转折的关系）
　　-- I have failed, yet I shall try again.



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Lesson 03 An unknown goddess 无名女神

　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　goddess(tile) n.女神
　　archaeologist n.考古学家
　　Aegean adj.爱琴海的
　　
　　Explore v.考察，勘探
　　-- The archaeologists are exploring the cave.
　　exploration n.探险 / explorer n.探险家
　　
　　promontory n.海角
　　
　　prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
　　-- our finance is prosperous 我们的经济非常的繁荣。（Finance n.财政, 金融）
　　thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的 -- thriving business
　　booming adj.蓬勃的，景气的 -- a booming market繁荣的市场
　　flourishing adj.繁茂的，健康的
　　-- Those plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。
　　
　　civilization n.   文明 / civilize vt.使开化, 使文明
　　-- high level of civilization 高度文明
　　
　　storey n.楼层 （story的变体）
　　drainage n.排水
　　
　　worship n.v.祟拜 / respect vt.尊敬, 尊重 / admire v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕
　　-- Who do you worship in the world?
　　Warship n.军舰, 战船
　　
　　Sacred adj.宗教的, 神圣的
　　-- sacred music 圣乐 / sacred promise 神圣的诺言
　　Holy adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的
　　-- a holy person. 圣洁的人 / a holy place. 神圣的地方
　　Solemn adj. 庄严的, 庄重的
　　-- a solemn face 严肃的面孔 / a solemn ceremony 隆重的仪式
　　
　　Fragment n.碎片
　　Remains n.遗物，遗迹，废墟
　　
　　Classical adj.（希腊和罗马）古文化的（即传统的）；文科的, 人文科学的
　　-- classical music 古典音乐 / classical education 人文科学教育
　　Classic adj. 第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的
　　-- This is the classic example of love at the first sight.
　　Classic n.杰作, 经典之作
　　-- That joke‘s a classic; it really is funny. "这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。"
　　
　　Reconstruct v.修复 （Re --重新, 再次）
　　Construct vt.构造, 建造, 组织（通过装配或组合部件而构成）
　　-- construct a sentence / construct a broken statuary（n.雕象）
　　-- build a house 造建筑物 / put up a tent
　　construction n.建设, 建造
　　constructive adj.有教育意义的
　　constructor n.建造者, 建设者
　　erect vt.盖, 使竖立, 使直立（build high buildings）
　　-- erect a monument 建造纪念碑 / erect a clock tower 建造钟楼
　　setup / establish / found 建立
　　-- setup students‘ union 学生会 （union n.联盟, 协会）
　　-- establish a school / establish a rule 设立一条规则
　　-- found a country 建立一个国家
　　
　　Rest v.倚放, 放置
　　
　　Hip n.屁股, 臀部
　　Hip n. [口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；
　　adj.通晓的，见闻广的
　　-- Mary is a real hip. 玛丽是个爱赶时髦的人。
　　-- The guy isn‘t a hip. 这家伙什么都不懂。
　　Joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的
　　-- These two are joined at the hip.
　　shoot from the hip 信口开河
　　-- Sorry, I said that I shouldn‘t have shot from the hip.
　　
　　full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的
　　-- a full-length dress 拽地长裙
　　full-grown adj.生长完全的, 发育完全的
　　full time n.专职, 全部时间
　　
　　graceful adj.优雅的
　　-- a graceful lady
　　elegant adj.优雅的（举止）
　　-- an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士
　　
　　identity n.   身份
　　
　　ancient adj.远古的, 旧的
　　decorate vt.装饰；点缀
　　clay n.粘土, 泥土
　　Roman adj.罗马的, 罗马人的 n.罗马人
　　Rome n.罗马(意大利首都)
　　Indeed adv.真正地, (加强语气)确实
　　
　　Text 课文
　　How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?
　　Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island
　　of Kea.
　　some time 1>经过若干时间 2>在未来的某时
　　sometime adv.在某一时候, 曾经, 有一天
　　sometimes adv.不时, 有时
　　中文习惯用主动语态。
　　英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述。
　　
　　An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of
　　Ayia Irini.
　　which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple。（which = that）
　　stand(不及物) = lie(不及物) 位于
　　= situate(及物) 使位于, 使处于
　　= locate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
　　which stands in... = which lies in… = which is located in… = which is situated in...
　　Stand 1 >身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
　　-- She stands 1.75m. 她身高1.75米
　　-- A great tree stands on the mount. 一棵大树竖立在山上。
　　
　　The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
　　for 引导原因状语从句：对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息。
　　because 引导原因状语从句：强调原因。
　　-- The day broke for the birds were singing.
　　at one time 表达曾经, 一度（过去时态的标志, = once）
　　must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测
　　enjoyed a high level of civilization 享有高度文明
　　
　　Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with
　　beautifully decorated walls.
　　With… 具有…
　　-- a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair
　　beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语
　　-- a beautifully dressed lady 衣着漂亮的女士
　　-- a deserted car park 废弃的停车场
　　-- a white painted door 被刷成白色的门
　　现在分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系
　　-- a boy climbing the tree 正在爬树的男孩
　　-- the students reading in the room 正在房间里读书的学生
　　
　　The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found
　　beneath the narrow streets.
　　be equipped with 配备, 装备 （equip vt.装备, 配备）
　　air conditioning 空气调节装置 / air conditioner 空气调节机, 空调设备
　　-- The car was equipped with air conditioning.
　　for 引导原因状语从句
　　在正下方：Beneath = under
　　-- beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets
　　-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.
　　在进行中：只能用under
　　-- under control 控制之中 / under discussion 讨论之中 / under repairs修理之中
　　below 在下方（强调在斜下方）
　　-- She is sitting below the window
　　
　　The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the
　　fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
　　be used as / be used to be 把…用作为
　　-- The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
　　-- The wooden box was used as a bookcase.
　　be used to do 被用来做…
　　-- The wooden box is used to contain books
　　
　　In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.
　　Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
　　represent vt.代表
　　-- I represent all the classmates.
　　
　　The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.
　　dating 现在分词, 修饰remains
　　date from = date back to （开始于…, 起始于…）
　　-- The custom dating from 1990. （custom n.习惯, 风俗）
　　-- The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.
　　-- The castle dates from the 14th century. = The castle dates back to the 14th century.
　　 城堡建造于14世纪
　　
　　Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.
　　happen to 偶然, 碰巧（强调事情的偶然发生）
　　-- I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种车。
　　-- He happened to find the ticket in his pocket.
　　It happens that +从句
　　-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.
　　= I happened to meet her on my way work.
　　happen on 碰巧碰上
　　-- I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.
　　 我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。
　　-- Guess, who did I happen on while I was in London last month?
　　
　　This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.
　　It was very old and precious even then.
　　
　　When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the
　　goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
　　Reconstruct = put together, piece together, restore（vt.恢复, 使回复）
　　Amazed = very much surprised
　　surprised > astonished > amazed > astounded 感到惊讶（语气递增）
　　
　　to find... / to discover... / to realize... / to see…
　　-- I‘m not surprised to see you here
　　
　　1> turn out…（表示结果）结果是, 原来是 （= prove, 都表示系动词）
　　turn out (to be)+ n./adj.
　　-- The concert turned out to be a failure.
　　-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我们的聚会非常的成功。
　　2> It turned out + that从句 （it作形式主语）
　　It turned out +其它名词从句
　　-- It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the time.
　　 原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。
　　-- It turned out that his statement was false. 原来他的话是假的。
　　3> as it turns out… 后来人们发现…
　　-- As it turned out, there was no need to worry. 后来人们发现, 没有必要担心。
　　-- As it turned out, the report was mistaken. 后来人们发现, 报告被弄错了
　　
　　She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
　　rest on v.被搁在, 停留在, 信赖
　　= depend on（依靠, 依赖）/ lean on（靠着）
　　-- His hand rested lightly on my shoulder
　　
　　She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
　　which swept the ground 近一步说明拖地的，拽地的
　　
　　Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been
　　unable to discover her identity.
　　But, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
　　= It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.
　　Despite = in spite of （两者都是介词），后面+ 名词/动名词
　　so far, up to now 完成时的标志
　　discover her identity = find out her identity
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1... D
　　‘Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.‘
　　
　　2... D be employed in 被应用在...方面
　　this is confirmed by the fact that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容  
　　
　　3... A in doing sth 在...方面
　　
　　4... D prosperity n.繁荣（不可数）
　　know 1>知道, 认识
　　2>（文学用语）经历过, 曾经有过（= experience, 比experience更加正式）
　　 -- He knew poverty in his early days. 他早年有过痛苦的经历
　　
　　5... B since：自从 （主干的时态为现在完成时）
　　
　　6... C
　　to one‘s surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是
　　在句中可做独立的状语, 句子的主语不必是某个人
　　-- To my great disappointment the train had already left
　　with surprise 惊讶地 （With satisfaction/delight/dismay）
　　必须与行为动词连用, 句子的主语必须是某个人
　　-- He smoked his last cigarette with satisfaction.
　　-- He went home with dismay.
　　-- To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.
　　
　　7... B despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)
　　
　　8… B so far：现在完成时的标志
　　如果用possible/impossible, 就要采用形势主语it
　　-- So far, it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover her identity.
　　
　　9... A Holy adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的
　　religious 宗教的 / frightening 令人害怕的 / colourful 丰富多彩的
　　
　　10... D in good condition情况良好 = in good state
　　well done 侧重强调做得好
　　conserve vt.保存, 保藏 （= keep from being wasted, damaged, lost, destroyed）
　　       “不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”
　　-- Conserve your energy you needed. （energy n.精力, 精神）
　　 你该养精蓄锐，你回用得上的。
　　-- We must conserve our forest.
　　maintain vt.维持, 维修 -- 通过修缮保养, 不使...破损（强调动作的过程）
　　
　　11... B turn out = prove, 都表示系动词
　　resolve vt,vi决定 vt.(使)分解, 溶解
　　-- He resolved on going out. 他决定出去。
　　
　　12... B
　　so far = until now, up till now
　　beforehand (adv.预先) = in advance (adv.预先)
　　at this distance of/in time 时隔已久
　　-- I can hardly remember him at this distance of time. 时隔这么久, 我几乎想不起来他了。



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Lesson 04 The double life of Alfred Bloggs

　　阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　Double adj.两倍的, 双重的
　　
　　manual adj.体力的 （= physical adj.身体的, 物质的）
　　manual work 体力工作
　　mental work 脑力工作
　　
　　collar n.衣领
　　white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者（those who do mental work）
　　blue-collar adj蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的（those who do manual work）
　　get hot under the collar 怒气冲天
　　-- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at him.
　　
　　sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 （to give up for good purpose）
　　-- sacrifice one‘s life for the country
　　-- sacrifice time
　　sacrifice n.牺牲 （-- make many sacrifices）
　　
　　privilege n.好处 （= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益）
　　-- sacrifice one‘s advantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处
　　privilege n.特权, 特别待遇（= special right）
　　-- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特许某人做某事
　　privileged a.荣幸的
　　-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker.
　　
　　dustman n.清洁工
　　corporation n.公司
　　overalls n.工作服
　　shower n.淋浴
　　
　　secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的
　　Confidential adj.机密的
　　keep secret 保密
　　-- It‘s between you and me. 此事只介于你我之间。
　　-- I‘ll keep it to myself. 我会保守秘密的。
　　in secret 私下里（= secretly, in private, privately）
　　-- I was told about it in secret.
　　in the secret 知道内情
　　-- He was in the secret from the beginning
　　status n.地位（= social position）
　　statue n.雕像, 塑像
　　
　　rise n.发生, 出现
　　loss n.损失
　　fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的
　　
　　Text 课文
　　Why did Alf want a white-collar job?
　　These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who
　　work in offices.
　　people who do manual work = blue-collar workers
　　people who do mental work = white-collar workers = people who work in offices
　　for more money（far副词用来加强语气= much）
　　
　　People who work in offices are frequently referred to as "white-collar workers‘ for the
　　simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.
　　refer to...as = regard...as 把...看作为
　　-- I always refer to him as bookworm（n.书呆子）
　　for the simple reason = for 引导的原因状语从句
　　for the reason that多用于正式文体，because多用于口语中。
　　-- He is refer to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.
　　-- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.
　　
　　Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for
　　the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
　　human nature 人性
　　such...that... （that引导同位语从句, 进一步补充说明such的基本内涵）
　　-- His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
　　= Such was his kindness that… （such在句首要倒装）
　　= He was so kind that we will never forget him.
　　-- Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.
　　介词for表示一种目的
　　be willing to do sth = be ready to do sth 心甘情愿做
　　
　　This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as
　　a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
　　give rise to =（lead to v.导致, 通向）（cause vt.引起, 惹起）（result in v.导致）
　　-- Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。
　　
　　-- The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。
　　
　　in the case of 就...来说, 关于, 就...而言 （= concerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就...说）
　　-- Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。
　　in case of（副词）万一, 以防 à （in case conj.万一）
　　-- You should ensure your house in case of fire. （ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险）
　　-- Take umbrella in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。
　　who引导定语从句
　　
　　When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.
　　too embarrassed to say 太尴尬而没有说明
　　be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 惭愧
　　-- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
　　marry 强调动作 （-- He married the girl. 他娶了这个女孩。）
　　get married 强调过程（-- Last year they got married.）
　　be married to sb 强调状态（-- The old man has been married to his wife for 50 years.）
　　
　　He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.
　　Simply 副词--用来修饰限定动词told
　　
　　Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.
　　dressed in a smart black suit --形容词短语表示一种状态 打方框代表有问题
　　-- He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
　　-- He left home wearing a smart black suit.
　　
　　He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.
　　changed into 换上 / change back into 换回
　　
　　Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into his suit.
　　Before returning home = Before he returned home
　　Before和动名词搭配, 相当于Before引导的时间状语从句。
　　如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语
　　-- After getting home, he had a good rest.
　　-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.
　　
　　Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret.
　　
　　Alf‘s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf
　　has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.
　　she never will = she will never discover the secret
　　在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前
　　-- “will you go to see her?”
　　-- “I will never to to see her" = "No, I never will."
　　
　　He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well
　　worth the loss of money.
　　half as much as
　　half / a quarter / twice / three times + as...as... 表示倍数
　　-- I won‘t marry a man who is twice as old as me.
　　-- We got three times as many people as we expected.
　　-- This room is about three times as large as that one.
　　是...的几倍：...as +形容词或副词原形+ as...
　　比...多几倍：...times +形容词或副词比较级+ than…
　　-- This road is four times longer than that one. = This road is five times as long as that one.
　　
　　What he obtained is well worth the loss of time. 他的所得是值得花时间的。
　　well 副词用来加强语气, 修饰形容词worth
　　
　　From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him ‘Mr. Bloggs‘, not ‘Alf‘.
　　
　　Special difficulties 难点
　　impossibility n.不可能之事, 不可能
　　grant vt.同意, 准予
　　
　　A. 两类词汇：
　　1>tell, give等动词可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）
　　-- He told a story to me. = He told me a story .
　　2>explain, say等动词只能代一个(直接)宾语, 在间接宾语前要用介词to
　　-- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.
　　-- She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.
　　-- He admitted his guilt to the police.（guilt n.罪行, 内疚）
　　-- Did you suggest this idea to him?
　　当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语之后（但say除外）
　　-- I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
　　= I explained the impossibility of granting his request to him.
　　-- He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.
　　= He confessed that he had fallen asleep during the meeting to me.
　　confide vt., vi.
　　1> 倾诉（与in连用）
　　-- Jone felt she could only confide in her mother. 琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。
　　2> 吐露 (心事、秘密等), 与to连用
　　-- One evening he came and confided to me that he had spent five years in prison.
　　有一天晚上他到我家来向我吐露他曾坐过五年牢。
　　
　　B.“Worth"后面只能跟名词或动名词
　　-- His suggestion is worth considering.
　　-- His rise in status is worth the loss of money.
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1... A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述
　　“...a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming
　　white-collar worker"
　　
　　2... C double life
　　
　　3... D "...he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money"
　　previous adj.在前的, 早先的
　　respect n.某方面 vt.尊敬, 尊重
　　
　　4... B to go 可以省略
　　They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.
　　
　　5... D
　　"Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job."
　　too...to…（不定式to表示否定）
　　so...that…（在that引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否定式，可以和too...to 互换）
　　-- The water is too hot for us to drink. = The water is so hot that we can‘t drink.
　　
　　6... C "He simply told her that he worker of the Corporation"
　　simply副词（仅仅是, 再没有别的了= only, just）
　　无论是simply, only还是just，往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。
　　-- I did it simply/only for the money
　　-- I don‘t like driving. I do it simply/only because I have to go to work each day.
　　and no more（放句尾）
　　in a simple way 简单地, 简朴地
　　-- She was always dressed in a simple way.
　　
　　7... B
　　Before是介词和动名词形式搭配。 -- Before returning home...
　　Before是连接词，引导时间状语从句。 -- Before he returned home...
　　before 引导的从句, 常用一般现在时或一般过去时, 不用进行时。
　　
　　8... C "half as much as it used to be"
　　the amount 要用定语从句进行限定
　　当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，used to之后的动词必须省略掉
　　当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，used to之后必须带有系动词be.
　　-- I feel the summers are hotter than they used to be.
　　-- I feel you are much fatter than you used to be.
　　
　　9... D
　　gain：获利, 赢得（表示通过努力）
　　-- gain time, gain reputation, gain speed, gain height
　　fee：（为专业服务支付的）费用
　　-- doctor‘s fees 医疗费 / the lawyer‘s fees 律师费
　　-- pay for my university fees 支付我的大学学费
　　payment：（商业、信贷）支付的款项（非常正式）
　　wages：（体力劳动者的）工资
　　salary：（白领的）薪水
　　
　　10... B companion n.同伴, 共事者 comrade n.朋友, 同志, 伙伴
　　
　　11... C "well worth the loss of money"
　　pay back 偿还, 报复
　　reward 酬劳
　　value 价值
　　compensate v.偿还, 补偿
　　compensate for赔偿 = make up for弥补
　　-- His intelligence more than compensate for his lack of experience.
　　
　　12... A call = addressed as被称为
　　name命名 / cry out喊叫 / shout v.呼喊, 呼叫



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Lesson 05 The facts 确切数字

　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　Editor n.编辑
　　Edit vt.编辑
　　-- edit magazine, edit newspaper
　　Edition n.编辑
　　Editorial adj.编辑的, 主编的 n.社论, 评论
　　
　　extreme n.极端
　　go to extreme(s) to do… 做某事走极端
　　-- He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.
　　-- He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.
　　go from one extreme to the other 从一个极端走向另一个极端
　　
　　statistics n.统计数字
　　
　　journalist n.新闻记者
　　reporter n.(电视台)记者
　　correspondent n.(电台)记者, 通讯员
　　
　　president n.总统
　　palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅
　　
　　publish v.出版 = print(vt.), go to press(vi.)
　　-- The book has already been published. = The book has already been printed.
　　-- The book has gone to press.
　　-- They have already published the magazine.
　　
　　Fax n.传真 （-- send a fax）
　　
　　impatient adj.不耐烦的
　　patience（n.耐性） patient（adj.有耐心的） patiently（adv.有耐心地）
　　impatience（n.不耐烦） impatient（adj.不耐烦的） impatiently（adv.不耐烦地）
　　
　　fire v.解雇（口语）
　　-- He was fired from his job
　　dismiss vt.解雇（正式）
　　-- The manage dismissed him from his company.
　　Sack vt.解雇, 辞退（俚语, 口语）
　　-- If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.
　　
　　Originally adv.起初，原先，从前 / original adj.最初的, 原始的
　　Text 课文
　　What was the consequence of the editor‘s insistence on facts and statistics?
　　Consequence n.结果
　　Insistence n.坚持, 坚决主张
　　
　　Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their reader with
　　unimportant facts and statistics.
　　go to extremes 走极端
　　provide = supply 给...提供（通常与介词搭配连用）
　　provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb
　　-- He provided them with a bed for the night.
　　= He provided a bed for them for the night
　　
　　Last year a journalist had been 包含ucted by a well-known magazine to write an article on
　　the president‘s palace in a new African republic.
　　本句= A well-known magazine 包含ucted a journalist to write an article on the president‘s palace
　　in a new African republic.
　　African n.非洲人 adj.非洲的
　　Republic n.共和国, 共和政体
　　Instruct vt.教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知
　　包含uct sb to do sth.= tell sb formally to do sth 正式告诉某人做某事
　　-- The teacher 包含ucted him to take the examination.
　　On = about 侧重强调课题专一
　　-- a book on radio
　　
　　When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it.
　　When the article arrived = When the editor received the article
　　refuse vt.拒绝（态度严厉）
　　-- I invited him to dinner, but he refused me.
　　decline vt.婉言谢绝
　　repudiate vt.断然拒绝
　　
　　The article began: ‘Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president‘s
　　palace‘.
　　which 指代the high wall
　　
　　The editor at once sent the journalist a fax 包含ucting him find out the exact number of
　　steps and the height of the wall.
　　Instructing(现在分词)进一步补充说明fax的情况
　　-- he send me a letter 包含ucting me to come back immediately
　　
　　The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time
　　to send them.
　　set out to do = decide and try to do 决定, 打算, 着手做...
　　= set about doing 决定, 打算, 着手做...
　　-- He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years.
　　take sb a long time to do sth 某事花了某人很久的时间
　　-- It took me five days to write the article.
　　
　　Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
　　
　　He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
　　two more faxes = another two faxes
　　
　　He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be
　　fired.
　　
　　When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it
　　had originally been written.
　　reluctantly = unwilling 勉勉强强地, 不情愿地
　　as it bad originally been written = in its original way
　　
　　A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist.
　　
　　Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
　　Not only位于句首, 必须采用倒装形式。
　　本句 = The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well.
　　倒装：（部分倒装）
　　1>否定副词位于句首, 要倒装。
　　never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner
　　scarcely adv.几乎不, 简直没有
　　nowhere adv.无处, 到处都无
　　-- Never have I read such stories. 我从来也没读过这样的小说。
　　-- Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪他也找不到他要的书。
　　-- Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。
　　2>含有only的状语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
　　-- Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.
　　-- Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be possible to plan a trip.
　　3>含有not的副词短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
　　not for a second 决不, 毫不 / not in the least 绝不, 一点也不
　　not for an instant, not until
　　-- Not in the least is he interested in English literature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。
　　-- Not for an instant did I believe he had lied. 我根本不认为他说了慌。
　　4>含有no的短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
　　at on time, in no way , in no sense, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition,
　　under no circumstances （都表示‘绝不’）
　　circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况
　　-- Under no circumstances can we accept the check. 我们无论如何也不能接受这笔钱。
　　-- On no account must you leave the baby in the house. 你无论如何也不能把留在房间里。
　　5> so such 位于句首, 句子要倒装。
　　
　　However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the
　　he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which
　　surrounded the president‘s palace.
　　he had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted = he had asked for permission
　　请求被允许做某事：be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth
　　permit v.许可,允许,准许 permission n.许可, 允许
　　in which -- which指代fax
　　while和现在分词搭配, 做时间状语, 表示“正在做某事的过程中”。
　　-- 可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。
　　-- While counting… = while he was counting…
　　现在分词做定语：
　　-- the steps leading to the president‘s palace 通向王宫的台阶。
　　-- the road leading to the forest 通向森林的路。
　　fifteen-foot做前置定语, 这里的名词必须上单数形式。
　　
　　which引导的定语从句修饰wall, which指代wall。
　　-- wall which surrounded… （= wall surrounding…）
　　-- 为了避免和前面的现在分词句式结构(leading)相同所以没有用surrounding.
　　
　　Special difficulties 难点here
　　倒装的用法
　　1.Not only has he made this mistake before but he will make it again.
　　2.Only then did I realize what was happening
　　3.Never will I trust him again.
　　4.Seldom do you find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.
　　traffic warden n. 交通管理员 （warden n.监护人；看守人）
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1… C
　　excuse n.理由, 借口
　　beyond prep.除…以外
　　satisfy vt.满足, 使满意
　　dissatisfy vt.使感觉不满, 不满足
　　factual adj.事实的, 实际的
　　content n.内容
　　
　　2… B
　　
　　3... A activity n.行动, 行为 / suspicious adj.可疑的, 怀疑的
　　
　　4… B 课文中的and then强调动作的先后。
　　-- Having seen the movie, they went for a walk.
　　
　　6... D a reply表示“任意”的一个答复
　　
　　7... B unless = if not 一般过去时
　　
　　8… C inform sb of/about sth
　　
　　9… C public n.公众, (特定的)人群
　　audience n.听众, 观众
　　lecture n.演讲
　　
　　10… B print = publish
　　press n.压, 按 go to press 交付印刷
　　pressing adj.紧迫的；迫切的
　　impress vt.盖印, 留下印象
　　
　　11... D
　　innocent adj.清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的
　　unfortunate adj.不幸的
　　
　　12... D
　　请求允许做某事：ask for permission to do sth
　　允许某人做某事：be given permission to do sth
　　admit + 名词/动名词/that从句



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Lesson 06 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫

　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　smash-and-grab n.砸橱窗抢劫
　　smash vt.打碎, 粉碎（= break sth into pieces violently）violently adv.猛烈地
　　-- Smash the car.
　　Smash vi.打碎, 粉碎（-- The dishes smashed on the floor.）
　　smash into 撞击到某处 （-- The bus smashed into a tree.）
　　
　　grab v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取（= seize suddenly）
　　-- He grabbed me by the arm.
　　-- He grabbed the coin and ran off. 他抓起硬币就跑了。
　　snatch vt.抢, 夺取（= catch sth/sb suddenly and violently）
　　-- The big bird snatches the hen from the ground.
　　Seize v.抓住, 逮住, 夺取（强调抓住、抓到的结果）　
　　-- Fear seized her. 她突然感觉很恐惧。
　　catch vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) （= get hold of sth/sb moving）
　　-- catch mouse / catch bus / catch a thief
　　Grasp 强调“掌握”
　　-- We have already grasped six thousand words.
　　Hold 强调抓牢、抓紧（catch hold of 抓住）
　　-- He is holding an umbrella.
　　
　　arcade n.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）
　　Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街
　　Jewellery n.珠宝（总称）
　　Necklace n.项链
　　Ring n.戒指
　　
　　Background n.背景 （on the background of sth.）
　　-- background information 背景资料
　　-- a man of excellent background 有很好的背景的人
　　
　　velvet n.天鹅绒，丝绒
　　headlight n.（汽车等）前灯
　　blare v.发嘟嗜声，吼叫
　　staff n.全体工作人员
　　raid n.偷袭 / raid vt., vi.袭击, 突击
　　
　　scramble v.爬行（= creep quickly）
　　-- The two thieves scrambled into their car.
　　Climb vt.爬上（-- climb up the tree）
　　Mount vt.登上（-- mount the hill）
　　Fantastic adj. 非常大的
　　1> = very great / very large 非常大的
　　-- a fantastic sum of money = a very large sum of money
　　2> = strange adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
　　-- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
　　3> = wonderful adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
　　-- a fantastic play.
　　
　　ashtray n.烟灰缸
　　
　　owner n.所有者, 业主
　　admire vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
　　busily adv.忙碌地
　　arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
　　horn n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
　　roar vi.吼叫, 怒号
　　jeweler n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
　　wheel n.（汽车的）方向盘
　　iron n.铁 adj.铁的
　　furniture n.家具
　　diamond n.钻石, 菱形
　　
　　Text 课文
　　How did Mr. Taylor try to stop the thieves?
　　The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just "opening.
　　介词短语修饰shops
　　-- The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
　　 在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业
　　
　　At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
　　
　　Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display.
　　BeiJing, our capital, is developing enormously.
　　-- enormously adv.非常地, 巨大地（= at fantastic speed）
　　
　　Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o‘clock and had only just finished.
　　Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black
　　velvet.
　　
　　After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.
　　After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
　　After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…
　　
　　The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn
　　blaring, roared down the arcade.
　　with的符合结构：（独立主格结构）
　　1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用现在分词形式作宾补。
　　-- She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks.
　　 她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 （Cheek n.脸颊, 面颊）
　　-- She stood there with her hands resting on her hips
　　2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补。
　　-- He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
　　-- With his homework finished, he felt happy.
　　3>如果表达某事将要发生，要用动词不定式to；
　　-- With a lot of work to do, he can‘t go to the cinema.
　　4>如果是说明当时的情况，常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态；
　　-- He used to sleep with all the windows open.（open adj.开着的）
　　-- He went out with his hat on.（on是副词）
　　-- With the meeting over, we went home.（over adv.结束）
　　-- He came in with a knife in his hand.（in his hand --介词短语）
　　-- Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.（over their faces --介词短语）
　　 另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
　　5>总结：
　　with用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
　　with如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词。
　　-- a thief with stocking over his face.
　　-- a teacher with a book under his arm.
　　-- a room with the windows open.
　　
　　It came to a stop outside the jeweller‘s.
　　come to 后面常接名词, 表示达到
　　-- come to a stop停下来 / come to an end结束 / come to a decision做出决定
　　-- come to an agreement达成协议 / come to an understanding互相理解
　　-- come to success获得成功, come to fame成名
　　停车 stop = draw up = pull up
　　
　　at the barber‘s在理发店 / at the butcher‘s在肉店 / at the baker‘s在面包店
　　at the greengrocer‘s在蔬菜水果店 / at the grocer‘s在杂货店 / at the stationer‘s 在文具店
　　at the tobacconist‘s在烟草店 / at the chemist‘s在药店
　　barber n.理发员, 理发师
　　butcher n.屠夫, 肉商
　　baker n.面包师, 面包工人 n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
　　greengrocer n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
　　grocer n.食品商人 n.杂货店
　　stationer n.文具商人 n.文具店
　　tobacconist n.烟草商人 n.烟店
　　chemist n.化学家, 药剂师
　　One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stocking over their faces jumped
　　out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.
　　While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.
　　He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.
　　Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.
　　
　　One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to
　　diamonds to notice any pain.
　　help oneself to 自便
　　-- My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.
　　
　　The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved
　　off at a fantastic speed.
　　at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high speed / at a full speed
　　with great speed
　　
　　Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases,
　　but it was impossible to stop the thieves.
　　
　　They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
　　hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel
　　
　　Special difficulties 难点
　　前缀构词法：
　　1> dis
　　加在形容词前
　　-- agreeable（adj.使人愉快的） à disagreeable（adj.不愉快的）
　　-- content（adj.满意的 vt.使满足） à discontent（adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.不满）
　　-- graceful（adj.优美的） à disgraceful（adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的）
　　-- honest（adj.诚实的, 正直的） à dishonest（adj.不诚实的）
　　-- satisfactory（adj.满意的） à dissatisfactory（adj.不满意的）
　　加在名词前
　　-- agreement（n.同意） à disagreement（n.意见不同）
　　-- honesty（n.诚实, 正直） à dishonesty（n.不诚实, 不老实）
　　-- ability（n.能力, 才干） à disability（n.无力, 无能）
　　-- grace（n.优美, 雅致） à disgrace（n.耻辱）
　　-- comfort（n.舒适 vt.安慰） à discomfort（n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适）
　　可以加在动词前
　　-- agree（v.同意） à disagree（v.不同意）
　　-- appear（vi.出现） à disappear（vi.消失, 不见）
　　-- believe（相信, 信任） à disbelieve（v.不信, 怀疑）
　　在名词前加dis得到动词, 表示除去、解除。　
　　-- courage（n.勇气, 精神） à discourage（vt.使气馁）
　　-- root（n.根, 根部） à disroot / unroot（vt.连根拔除）
　　-- mask（n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰） à unmask / dismask（vt.揭露, 暴露）
　　-- burden（n.担子, 负担 v.负担） à disburden（v.解除负担）
　　2>il -- 加在以i开头的形容词之前
　　-- legal（adj.法律的, 法定的） à illegal（adj.违法的）
　　-- logical（adj.合乎逻辑的） à illogical（adj.不合逻辑的）
　　-- literate（adj.有文化的 n.学者） à illiterate（adj.没受教育的 n.文盲）
　　3>im -- 加在以b, m, p开头的形容词之前
　　-- possible（adj.可能的） à impossible（adj.不可能的）
　　-- mortal（adj.必死的, 人类的） à immortal（adj.不朽的）
　　-- moral（adj.道德的） à immoral（adj.不道德的）
　　-- balanced（adj.平衡的） à imbalanced（adj.不平衡的）
　　-- balance （n.平衡） à imbalance（n.不平衡）
　　4>ir -- 加在以r开头的形容词之前
　　-- regular（adj.规则的） à irregular（adj.不规则的）
　　-- rational（adj.理性的） à irrational（adj.无理性的）
　　-- resistible（adj.可抵抗的） à irresistlble（adj.不可抵抗的）
　　5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
　　-- human（adj.人性的） à inhuman（adj.野蛮的）
　　-- correct（adj.正确的） à incorrect（adj.不正确的）
　　-- justice（n.正义, 公平） à injustice（n.不正义, 不公平）
　　-- sincere（adj.真诚的） à insincere（adj.虚假的, 不真诚的）
　　6>un --只能用于形容词和动词之前
　　不
　　-- happy（adj.快乐的） à unhappy（adj.不幸的, 不快乐的）
　　-- friendly（adj.友好的） à unfriendly（adj.不友好的）
　　-- lucky（adj.幸运的） à unlucky（adj.不幸的）
　　无
　　-- conditional（adj.有条件的） à unconditional（adj.无条件的）
　　-- limited（adj.有限的） à unlimited（adj.无限的）
　　非
　　-- official（adj.官方的, 正式的） à unofficial（adj.非官方的, 非正式的）
　　-- just（adj.正义的, 公正的） à unjust（adj.不公平的）
　　未（主要用于过去分词之前）
　　-- undecided（adj.未定的） à unfinished（adj.未完成的）
　　-- unexpected（adj.未预料到） à unhurt（adj.没有受伤的）
　　用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
　　-- lock（v.锁, 锁上） à unlock（vt.开...锁）
　　-- tie（vt.系, 打结） à untie（vi.松开, 解开）
　　-- cover（vt.覆盖） à uncover（vt.揭开, 揭露）
　　-- pack（vt.包装） à unpack（v.打开包裹）
　　-- dress（v.穿衣） à undress（vt.使脱衣服）
　　-- load（v.装载） à unload（v.卸货）
　　
　　Exercise：
　　1> polite（adj.有礼貌的） à impolite（adj.无礼的, 粗鲁的）
　　2> agree à disagree
　　3> legible（adj.清晰的, 易读的） à illegible（adj.难辨认的, 字迹模糊的）
　　4> accurate（adj.正确的, 精确的） à inaccurate（adj.错误的, 不准确的）
　　5> locked à unlocked
　　6> regular à irregular
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1.B正确　　on one‘s way to do
　　-- He is on the/his way to become a lawyer.
　　
　　2.A正确　　warn somebody out of one‘s way 警告某人别挡住去路
　　in one‘s way 挡住某人的去路
　　-- You are in my way. 挡住了我的去路。
　　
　　3.C正确
　　
　　4. C正确
　　形容词和名词共同修饰名词时, 形容词在前, 名词在后。（adj + n +被修的名词）
　　-- an old village school
　　-- an empty beer glass
　　
　　5.B正确　　 做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
　　
　　6. A正确 made of 可以看出原材料
　　
　　7. A正确 began doing something = began to do something
　　
　　8.D正确
　　
　　9. A正确
　　accelerate v.加速, 促进
　　-- The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
　　speed v.加快（加快动作和工作的进程, 常和up连用）
　　-- We‘d better speed up, if we want to get there in time.
　　-- The car sped along the road.
　　Reverse vt.倒车, 颠倒, 倒转
　　-- The car reversed through the gate.
　　
　　10. A正确　
　　Overdressed v.(使)穿得太讲究
　　-- I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit.
　　Overlooked vt.俯瞰, 远眺
　　
　　11. B正确
　　for the time being = temporarily（adv.临时）
　　meanwhile = at the same time
　　As it happened 随着这类事情的发生
　　for a while = for a moment
　　
　　12. C正确
　　fly à flew à flown （fly 是不及物动词, 不能用于被动语态。）
　　-- go flying
　　-- send sth flying （send sth doing） （direction n.方向）
　　-- A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all directions 一阵风刮得纸片到处乱飞。
　　hurl vt.用力投掷
　　project v.发射 （= send up 发出, 射出, 长出）



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Lesson 07 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组

　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　Mutilate v.使残缺不全 / mutilation n.切断, 毁损
　　及物动词（经常用于被动语态）
　　1> 毁伤、残害
　　-- He was mutilated in the accident, and now has only one leg.
　　-- a mutilated note 一张残缺不全的钞票
　　2> 把...搞砸了
　　-- You‘ve already mutilated the novel by making such changes.
　　Dollar = dad president 美元
　　
　　chew v.咀嚼
　　-- A lot of people love chewing gums.（chewing gums口香糖）（gum n.树脂, 橡胶）
　　-- Don‘t bite off more than one can chew. 不要贪多嚼不烂。 Bite（n.咬）
　　chew the fat 聊天, 闲谈
　　chewed up 着急的、担心的 嚼碎, 毁坏, 消耗
　　-- Don‘t get worried about your examination.
　　-- Don‘t get chewed up about your examination.
　　
　　Microwave n.微波，微波炉
　　Microswitch 微型开关
　　Microfilm 缩影胶片
　　Microscope 显微镜
　　Microsecond 一百万分之一秒, 微秒
　　Microphone 扩音器, 麦克风
　　Microbiology 微生物学
　　micro adj.极小的, 微小的 / macro adj.巨大的
　　
　　oven n.炉灶
　　
　　safekeeping n.妥善保管
　　keep something safe
　　-- Please keep your ID card safe. 妥善保管你的身份证。
　　干坏事： do evil (动词) / evil doing (名词)
　　惹麻烦： make trouble (动词) / trouble making (名词)
　　
　　Newcastle n.纽卡斯尔（英国港市）
　　
　　Identify v.鉴定, 识别（= prove identity of sb or sth）
　　-- He can‘t identify the person
　　identity n.身份
　　-- So far the archeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
　　 = So far the archeologists have been unable to identify her.
　　identification n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明
　　
　　spokeswoman n.女发言人
　　
　　trousers n.裤子, 长裤
　　Britain n.英国
　　despair n.绝望, 失望 vi.绝望
　　concern vt.涉及, 关系到
　　dismay n.沮丧, 惊慌
　　note n.纸币
　　ash n.灰, 灰烬
　　
　　Text 课文
　　Why did Jane cook John‘s wallet?
　　Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and
　　then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket?
　　断首或断尾运用疑问句：
　　断首--主要引起读者的兴趣和注意力。
　　断尾--进一步巩固、加深与本段所涉及的内容，并引起读者的沉思。
　　
　　When you rescued your trousers, did note in your back pocket?
　　Rescued vt.援救, 营救
　　-- Hundreds of people went to rescue the plane crash.
　　Rescue是一个大词（大词小用可以加强语气）
　　
　　When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white?
　　whiter than white = damaged, mutilated
　　
　　People who live in Britain needn‘t despair when they made mistakes like this (and a lot of
　　people do)!
　　needn‘t despair(v.) = needn’t feel despaired(adj.)
　　
　　Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals
　　with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog.
　　Fortunately for them = luckily for them = happily for them
　　Team n.队, 组（= Organization n.组织, 机构, 团体）
　　called Mutilated Ladies = that called Mutilated Ladies
　　-- 这里采用分词called是为了不和后面which引导的定语从句从复
　　deal with v.处理 （deal vi.处理, 应付）
　　Claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 索赔
　　-- make a claim for 对（赔偿等）提出要求...
　　feed vt.vi.( fed , fed, feeding) 给吃, 喂
　　-- feed sth to… 把某物喂给…
　　
　　Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!
　　it seems 似乎
　　本句= It seems that dogs love to chew up money!
　　
　　A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.
　　第二段充分的说明了约翰是怎么样把钱从银行里拿回来
　　concern vt.涉及到 （= is about）
　　run a factory 开一家工厂 / run a company 开一家公司
　　
　　John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for
　　safekeeping.
　　I have a very good day. 我今天过得很好。
　　I have a good time. 我玩得很高兴。
　　Fro safekeeping = to keep it safe
　　Wallet containing… = wallet which contained…
　　
　　Then he and Jane went horse-riding.
　　go horse-riding / go fishing / go hunting / go shopping
　　
　　When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing
　　it, cooked her fiancé‘s wallet as well.
　　
　　Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!
　　beautifully-cooked wallet 用一种讽刺的口吻, 一种幽默
　　turn to = turned into = become
　　
　　John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the
　　special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilate Ladies!
　　Who = bank manager
　　
　　They examined the remain and John got all his money back.
　　
　　‘So long as there‘s something to identify, we will give people their money back,‘ said a spokeswoman for the Bank. ‘Last year, we paid $1.5m on 21,000 claims.
　　so long as = as long as = on condition that 只要…（表假设）
　　pay money for… 为...付多少钱
　　-- We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary.
　　pay off 还清(债务等)付清
　　-- The couples have already paid their debts off
　　pay back
　　1> 把钱归还回去　　pay money back
　　2> 报复、报仇　　　pay somebody back
　　-- Don’t say that again or I will pay you back.
　　
　　Special difficulties 难点
　　Interval n.间隔, 距离, 幕间休息
　　如何运用后缀（名词+后缀à动词）
　　1> less（表示：否定概念）
　　-- care（n.v.注意, 关心）à careless（adj.粗心的）
　　2> ful（表示：有, 充满了）
　　-- success（n.成功）à successful（adj.成功的）
　　-- hopeful（adj.怀有希望的） / careful（adj.小心的, 仔细的）
　　3> ly（形容词+ ly à 副词），（名词+ ly à 形容词）　
　　-- daily（adj.adv.每日的）/ weekly（adj.adv.每星期的）
　　-- yearly（adj.adv.每年的）/ hourly（adj.每小时的）
　　4> ic / pic
　　-- energetic（adj.精力充沛的, 积极的）
　　-- athlete（n.运动员, 运动选手）à athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的）
　　5> ish
　　-- fool（n.愚人）à foolish（adj.愚蠢的）
　　-- childish（adj.孩子气的）/ womanish（adj.像女人的）
　　
　　Exercise：
　　1> painless（adj.无痛的, 不痛的）
　　2> beautiful
　　3> daily
　　4> childish（--ish的形容词具有贬义色彩）
　　5> athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的）
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1.B正确 involve vt.包括, 使陷入
　　
　　2.D正确　
　　-- identify à identifiable（adj.可以确认的）
　　-- return à returnable（adj.可退回的）
　　-- eat à eatable（adj.可以吃的）
　　
　　3.B正确 unless = if not
　　
　　4.A正确　 c) any large bank notes（any +复数）
　　
　　5.C正确 真实的条件句
　　
　　6.B正确　
　　一般来说, 如果表示某人的东西就用 ‘s.
　　如果采用介词of表示所属关系, 被修饰名词前要出现定冠词。
　　-- Mary’s book = the book of Mary
　　
　　7.C正确　　简单句, 选用一般过去式
　　
　　8.A正确　　safety n.安全, 保险
　　
　　9.A正确
　　-- in charge of 某人负责某物
　　-- in the charge of 某物由某人负责
　　
　　10.D正确 -- become ash = turn to ash = turn into ash
　　
　　11.B正确　
　　send = dispatch（vt.送, 派遣, 发出）= deliver（vt.递送, 交付）
　　convey（vt.运输, 运送）　　fetch（vt.去取回来）
　　
　　12.B正确　
　　provided（conj.倘若）= providing（conj.倘若）
　　-- Provided that you reduce the price, I‘ll take all the goods.
　　 假如你减价, 我会买下所有的货物。
　　c) supposed的形式不对, suppose和supposing都可以。
　　-- Suppose（conj.假使...结果会怎样）= supposing（conj.万一, 假使）



[ 此贴被moody在2005-11-06 22:13重新编辑 ]
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我刚学完新概念2...还没打算攻击新概念3..有时间我就看看新概念3.把里面的故事当小小说看的..呵呵~``
　
　
　　但愿你的眼睛，

　　只看得到笑容，

　　但愿你以后每一個梦，

　　不是一场空。
　
　
　

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刚刚学了2册的一半 都已经觉得好不容易了 楼主的水平一定高的很了~
┏┒   http://bbs.xunlun.com/read.php?tid=43625  
  ┖▓葉zǐ的離開.......
      ┏╋昰風d'縋逑  
        ┕還s'樹d,吥挽遛


[8 楼] 来自: | 发帖时间: 2005/11/6 19:44		 回到顶端
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太太太太太太太感谢了啊 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[9 楼] 来自: | 发帖时间: 2005/11/6 21:50 回到顶端
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Lesson 08 A famous monastery 著名的修道院

　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　Monastery n.寺院，修道院
　　Abbot n.男修道院院长
　　Convent n.女修道会, 女修道院
　　Nun n.修女
　　abbess n.女修道院院长
　　
　　St. Bernard 圣伯纳德
　　Pass n.关隘
　　Watchdog n.看门狗
　　
　　Rashly adv.莽撞地，冒失地
　　Boldly adv.大胆地, 显眼地
　　
　　Enclosure n.围场，圈地
　　Monk n.和尚
　　Privacy n.清静，隐居
　　
　　Skier n.滑雪者
　　Ski n.滑雪橇 vi.滑雪（-- go skiing）
　　
　　Easter n.复活节
　　-- at Easter 在复活节 / at Christmas 在圣诞节 / at Thanksgiving 在感恩节
　　
　　connect （v.连接, 联合, 关连）
　　Switzerland （n.瑞士, 欧洲中部国家）
　　Italy （n.意大利, 欧洲南部国家）
　　Metre = Meter （n.米, 公尺）
　　Lie, Lay, Lain, Lying （vi.位于, 躺, 平放）
　　Lie, Lied, Lied, Lying（vi.说谎）
　　Lay, Laid, Laid, Lying（vt.放置, 产卵）
　　Europe （n.欧洲） Asia （n.亚洲）
　　Tunnel （n.隧道, 地道） Attempt （vt.尝试, 企图）
　　Freedom （n.自由, 自主） Wander （vi.漫步, 徘徊）
　　Regular （adj.规则的, 有秩序的, 经常的）
　　Party （n.团体, 一伙人）
　　Peace （n. 静寂, 安宁, 和平, 和睦）
　　Minus adj.负的, 减的 prep.减去 n.负数
　　Minus adj.负的负的或在负值区间的
　　-- a minus value 一个负值 / minus five degrees 零下五度
　　Degree n.度数, 度, 程度
　　Text 课文
　　What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?
　　The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
　　St. = saint（n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣）
　　Bernard n.伯纳德(男子名)
　　Pass n.关口
　　把...与…连接在一起 connect…to… / join….to… / link…with…
　　connect...with 把...与某事联系在一起
　　-- I can‘t connect the picture with my friend, Mary.
　　be connected with 与...有联系
　　-- Are you connected with the government?
　　
　　At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
　　At 2,473 metres（介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态）
　　-- In red, she looks much more beautiful.
　　-- At the age of 25, he is able. 在十五岁的时候, 他很能干。
　　-- At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
　　
　　The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the eleventh century, lies about
　　a mile away.
　　Found（v.建立, 创立）= set up（设立, 竖立）= establish（vt.成立，建立）
　　限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别：
　　1> 非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明和解释, 去掉
　　对主句影响不大。
　　2> 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。
　　
　　1>who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
　　-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
　　-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.
　　-- There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.（n.伤害）
　　旅客很少, 他们都逃出来了, 没有受到重伤。
　　-- There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
　　没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。
　　-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
　　所有司机都知道堵车的事, 都走了别的路。
　　-- The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn‘t know
　　about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
　　得知堵车的司机走了别的路, 不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。
　　2>指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which, 不用that。
　　-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
　　3>指代时间when、地点where
　　-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three weeks.
　　 他被留在了荒岛上, 在那里他呆了长达三周之久。
　　For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the
　　dangerous Pass.
　　Life（n.生命, 生活）à lives（life的复数）
　　
　　These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in
　　Roman times.
　　which指代friendly dogs
　　-- The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship
　　symbol（n.象征）
　　
　　Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each
　　year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
　　Now that 既然
　　1> 用做时间连接词, 后面通常跟完成式
　　-- Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
　　2> 用做原因连接词时, 后面时态不限
　　-- Now that you won‘t help me, I must do the job myself.
　　
　　whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however
　　= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
　　-- You can telephone me whenever you like. 无论什么时候你想打电话给我都行。
　　-- Whichever day you come, we‘ll be pleased to see you.
　　-- Wherever you go, I‘ll follow you.
　　-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study English.
　　
　　Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on
　　foot.
　　Despite(介词) = in spite of (of是介词)
　　attempt to do something = try to do something 企图做某事
　　There be结构：
　　-- There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
　　 = There are still a few students who are studying English in the classroom.
　　依旧有些学生在教室学习英语。
　　
　　During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of
　　people who cross the Pass in cars.
　　in cars = by car
　　
　　As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
　　About（adv.到处, 周围）
　　-- Don‘t litter waste paper about. 不要到处扔废纸。 Litter（vt.乱丢, 铺草, 弄乱）
　　-- look about 到处看 / go about 到处走 / run about 到处跑 / wander about 到处闲逛
　　keep经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物处于某种状态。
　　-- Keep him out. / Keep him in.（介词）
　　-- Do keep the cat in the room. （介词）
　　-- I‘m sorry to keep you waiting.（现在分词）
　　-- The lamb was kept tight to a tree. = I kept the lamb tight to a tree.
　　lamb（n.小羊, 羔羊） / tight（adj.紧的, 绷紧的）
　　
　　In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
　　quite the opposite 恰恰相反
　　
　　The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.
　　
　　The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.
　　prefer A to B 宁愿A也不愿B
　　-- I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
　　-- The boy prefers apples to bananas.
　　prefer to do sth than do sth
　　-- He prefers to read than do nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
　　
　　The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.
　　
　　The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at
　　Christmas and Easter.
　　The regular visitors to BeiJing.
　　
　　These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at
　　St. Bernard‘s monastery.
　　Mike, who loves chess very much, enter for the game.
　　Chess（n.国际象棋）
　　
　　Special difficulties 难点
　　1> what
　　2> when engaged（adj.忙碌的, 使用中的）
　　3> who
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1... C be best known for = be famous for… 众所周知, 因...而著名
　　attraction（n.吸引, 吸引力） trap（vt.使受限制, 设陷）
　　
　　2... C the main advantage（n.好处, 优势, 有利条件）
　　endanger（vt.危及）
　　Swiss（n.瑞士人 adj.瑞士的, 瑞士人的）
　　Italian（n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的）
　　
　　3... D differ（vi.不一致, 不同）
　　occupation（n.工作, 职业） undisturbed（adj.不受打扰的）
　　pursue（vt.从事, 继续, 追赶） relatively（adv.相对地, 比较地）
　　
　　4... D 名词作表语（原句中为at介词短语作状语）
　　
　　5... A 形容词或副词和enough to do搭配
　　b）选项错在so rash as to （-- You are so kind as to help me.）
　　
　　6... A with的复合结构形式
　　-- A large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
　　-- With so many people around me, I fell happy.
　　
　　7... C 让某人做某事：let sb do
　　
　　8... C 泛泛的概念采取一般现在时
　　
　　9... B 强调两者之间
　　
　　10... A
　　whenever = if ever 无论什么时候, 只要情况是如此
　　-- Whenever/if ever you pour oil on water, it floats.（vi.飘浮）
　　in case（conj.万一） 主要是讨论预防措施
　　-- You should insure your house in case there is a fire.
　　
　　11... D voyage（n.vi.航海, 航行）
　　
　　12... C wander = roam（v.漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉）
　　graze（v.放牧, 吃草）
　　drift（n.v.漂流）= float（n.v.浮动, 飘浮）　
　　wonder（vt.想知道, 感到奇怪）
[10 楼] 来自: | 发帖时间: 2005/11/6 22:15 回到顶端
moody



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